APY-03 GUI Using Tkinter

Introduction

• Tkinter is the standard Python interface to the Tk GUI (Graphical User Interface) toolkit.

• It is included with Python and is cross-platform (works on Windows, macOS, and Linux).

• Tkinter is easy to use and simple

• Tkinter supports a wide range of widgets for building interactive interfaces.

• Tkinter Setup:

import tkinter as tk
 
root = tk.Tk()
root.mainloop()

Text Widget

• Used for multi-line text input and display.
• Ideal for displaying or accepting large amounts of text, such as notes or messages.

text_widget = tk.Text(root, height=10, width=30)
text_widget.pack()

Image Widget

• Display images (PNG, GIF) in your application.

from tkinter import PhotoImage
image = PhotoImage(file='image.png')
label = tk.Label(root, image=image)
label.pack()

Button Widget

• Used for user interaction via clicks.

def on_click():
	print("Button clicked!")
 
button = tk.Button(root, text="Click Me", command=on_click)
button.pack()

Entry Widget

• Used for single-line text input.
• Collects user input such as names, search terms, etc

entry = tk.Entry(root)
entry.pack()

Label Widget

• Used to display text or images.

label = tk.Label(root, text="Hello, Tkinter!")
label.pack()

ListBox Widget

• Displays a list of items from which the user can select.

listbox = tk.Listbox(root)
listbox.pack()
listbox.insert(tk.END, "Item 1")
listbox.insert(tk.END, "Item 2")

Menu Widget

• Creates a menu bar with options.
• Build drop-down menus for actions like "File", "Edit", etc.

menu = tk.Menu(root)
root.config(menu=menu)
 
file_menu = tk.Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file_menu)
file_menu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)

Radio Button Widget

• Allows the user to select one option from a list.

var = tk.StringVar()
 
radio_button1 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text="Option 1", variable=var,
value="1")
 
radio_button2 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text="Option 2", variable=var,
value="2")
 
radio_button1.pack()
radio_button2.pack()

Check Button Widget

• Allows the user to select one or more options.

var1 = tk.IntVar()
 
check_button = tk.Checkbutton(root, text="Option 1", variable=var1)
 
check_button.pack()

Scrollbar Widget

• Adds scrolling functionality to widgets like Text or Listbox.

scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(root)
scrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
listbox.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
scrollbar.config(command=listbox.yview)

Text Message Box Widget

• Used to display messages in a text box

message_box = tk.Message(root, text="This is a text message box")
message_box.pack()

Frame Widget

• A container widget used to organize other widgets.
• Organize and group widgets together for better layout management.

frame = tk.Frame(root)
frame.pack()
 
button1 = tk.Button(frame, text="Button 1")
button2 = tk.Button(frame, text="Button 2")
 
button1.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
button2.pack(side=tk.LEFT)

Controlling Layout with Geometry Manager

• Geometry Managers in Tkinter:
• pack(): Automatically arranges widgets.

label = tk.Label(root, text="Pack Example")
label.pack()

• grid(): Organizes widgets in a table-like structure.

label = tk.Label(root, text="Grid Example")
label.grid(row=0, column=0)

• place(): Places widgets at an absolute position.

label = tk.Label(root, text="Place Example")
label.place(x=100, y=100)

Making Application Interactive

• Bind events to widgets (e.g., button click, key press).
• Use command to link buttons to functions.
• Collect data from Entry and ListBox widgets to modify the interface dynamically.

def update_label():
	label.config(text=entry.get())
 
label = tk.Label(root, text="Hello!")
label.pack()
 
entry = tk.Entry(root)
entry.pack()
 
button = tk.Button(root, text="Update", command=update_label)
button.pack()

Questions

1. Write a Python program to create a simple GUI application using Tkinter with a label and a button. (5)
2. Discuss the purpose of the Entry widget in Tkinter. Write a program to take user input using it. (4)
3. Explain the use of the ListBox widget in Tkinter. Create a program to display a list of options. (3)
4. What is a Text widget in Tkinter? Write a program to demonstrate its use for creating a text editor. (5)
5. Write a Python program to create a Tkinter GUI with checkboxes and radio buttons. (5)
6. Explain the use of geometry managers (pack, grid, and place) in Tkinter with examples. (4)
7. Design a GUI application using Tkinter to display an image and a message together. (4)
8. Write a Python program to create a menu-driven application using the Menu widget in Tkinter. (5)
9. What is a Scrollbar widget in Tkinter? Explain its purpose with an example program. (3)
10. Create a Python application using Tkinter to demonstrate the use of frames for layout design. (4)

Resources

1. Tkinter Tutorial (English)
2. Tkinter Documentation