SOUNotes

PHP Lab Manual

Practical 01

Aim: (A) Write a PHP script to display a welcome message

Description: This program uses PHP’s echo statement to display a welcome message on the web page.

Code:

<?php
echo "Welcome to PHP Programming!";
?>

Output:

Welcome to PHP Programming!

Conclusion: We learned how to display text using the echo statement in PHP.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP script to demonstrate arithmetic operator, comparison operator, logical operator and Bitwise operator.

Description: This program demonstrates four categories of operators in PHP:

Arithmetic Operators for basic mathematical calculations.

Comparison Operators to compare values.
Logical Operators for combining conditions.
Bitwise Operators for bit-level operations.

Code:

<?php
$a = 10; $b = 5;
 
// Arithmetic Operators
echo "Arithmetic:<br>";
echo "$a + $b = ".($a+$b)."<br>";
echo "$a - $b = ".($a-$b)."<br>";
echo "$a * $b = ".($a*$b)."<br>";
echo "$a / $b = ".($a/$b)."<br>";
echo "$a % $b = ".($a%$b)."<br><br>";
 
// Comparison Operators
echo "Comparison:<br>";
echo "Equal? ".var_export($a==$b,true)."<br>";
echo "Not Equal? ".var_export($a!=$b,true)."<br>";
echo "Greater? ".var_export($a>$b,true)."<br>";
echo "Less/Equal? ".var_export($a<=$b,true)."<br><br>";
 
// Logical Operators
echo "Logical:<br>";
echo "Both > 0? ".var_export(($a>0)&&($b>0),true)."<br>";
echo "Any > 0? ".var_export(($a>0)||($b<0),true)."<br>";
echo "Not > 0? ".var_export(!($a>0),true)."<br><br>";
 
// Bitwise Operators
echo "Bitwise:<br>";
echo "$a & $b = ".($a & $b)."<br>";
echo "$a | $b = ".($a | $b)."<br>";
echo "$a ^ $b = ".($a ^ $b)."<br>";
echo "$a << 1 = ".($a << 1)."<br>";
echo "$a >> 1 = ".($a >> 1)."<br>";
?>

Output:

Arithmetic:
10 + 5 = 15
10 - 5 = 5
10 * 5 = 50
10 / 5 = 2
10 % 5 = 0

Comparison:
Equal? false
Not Equal? true
Greater? true
Less/Equal? false

Logical:
Both > 0? true
Any > 0? true
Not > 0? false

Bitwise:
10 & 5 = 0
10 | 5 = 15
10 ^ 5 = 15
10 << 1 = 20
10 >> 1 = 5

Conclusion: We successfully demonstrated arithmetic, comparison, logical, and bitwise operators in PHP.

Post Practical Questions:

What will the output of echo "Welcome to PHP Programming!"; be?
- C) Welcome to PHP Programming!
What will Sa + Sb output if Sa = 10 and Sb = 57?
- D) 105
Which operator is used to compare two values for equality in PHP?
- (c)==
What is the output of 10 % 3 in PHP?
- A) 1
What does the && operator do in PHP?
- A) Logical AND

Practical 02

Aim: (A) Write a PHP script to find out whether a given number is even or odd.

Description: This program takes a number, checks the remainder when divided by 2 using the modulus operator (%), and determines whether it is even or odd.

Code:

<?php
$num = 7;
 
if ($num % 2 == 0) {
    echo "$num is Even";
} else {
    echo "$num is Odd";
}
?>

Output:

7 is Odd

Conclusion: We learned how to check whether a number is even or odd using the modulus operator in PHP.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP script to check whether a given number is prime.

Description: This program takes a number and checks if it is divisible by any number other than 1 and itself. If not, it is considered a prime number.

Code:

<?php
$num = 13;
$isPrime = true;
 
if ($num <= 1) {
    $isPrime = false;
} else {
    for ($i = 2; $i <= sqrt($num); $i++) {
        if ($num % $i == 0) {
            $isPrime = false;
            break;
        }
    }
}
 
if ($isPrime) {
    echo "$num is Prime";
} else {
    echo "$num is Not Prime";
}
?>

Output:

13 is Prime

Conclusion: We learned how to check if a number is prime by testing divisibility from 2 to the square root of the number in PHP.

Post Practical Questions

Which of the following conditions checks if a number is even?
- C) $num % 2 == 0
Which is the correct way to check if a number is odd in PHP?
- A) if ($num % 2 == 1)
What is the modulus operator used for in PHP?
- C) Remainder
Which of the following is a prime number?
- C) 11
What is the smallest prime number?
- C) 2

Practical 03

Aim: (A) Write a PHP script to print Fibonacci series.

Description: This program generates the Fibonacci series, where each number is the sum of the previous two numbers. The first two numbers are 0 and 1.

Code:

<?php
$n = 10;
$a = 0;
$b = 1;
 
echo "Fibonacci Series: ";
for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
    echo $a . " ";
    $next = $a + $b;
    $a = $b;
    $b = $next;
}
?>

Output:

Fibonacci Series: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

Conclusion: We learned how to generate the Fibonacci series using a loop in PHP.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP script to generate results and display grade.

Description: This program calculates the percentage from marks and assigns a grade based on the percentage range.

Code:

<?php
$marks = [85, 78, 92, 74, 88]; // marks in 5 subjects
$total = array_sum($marks);
$percentage = $total / count($marks);
 
echo "Total Marks: $total<br>";
echo "Percentage: $percentage%<br>";
 
if ($percentage >= 90) {
    $grade = "A+";
} elseif ($percentage >= 80) {
    $grade = "A";
} elseif ($percentage >= 70) {
    $grade = "B";
} elseif ($percentage >= 60) {
    $grade = "C";
} else {
    $grade = "Fail";
}
 
echo "Grade: $grade";
?>

Output:

Total Marks: 417
Percentage: 83.4%
Grade: A

Conclusion: We learned how to calculate the percentage and assign grades based on conditions in PHP.

Post Practical Questions

What are the first two numbers in the Fibonacci sequence?
- B) 0 and 1
In a Fibonacci loop, which formula calculates the next term?
- A) $f3 = $f1 + $f2
How many terms will this code print: for ($i = 3; $i <= 10; $i++)?
- A) 7
What will be the output for $marks = 45 (grade)?
- C) F
Which control structure is used to assign grades in the result script?
- C) if-else

Practical 04

Aim: (A) Write a PHP script to find the maximum number out of three given numbers.

Description: This program compares three given numbers using conditional statements and finds the maximum value.

Code:

<?php
$a = 15;
$b = 25;
$c = 10;
 
$max = $a;
 
if ($b > $max) {
    $max = $b;
}
if ($c > $max) {
    $max = $c;
}
 
echo "The maximum number among $a, $b, and $c is: $max";
?>

Output:

The maximum number among 15, 25, and 10 is: 25

Conclusion: We learned how to compare multiple numbers and find the maximum using conditional statements in PHP.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP script to calculate the factorial of a number.

Description: This program calculates the factorial of a number using a loop. The factorial of a number n is the product of all positive integers from 1 to n.

Code:

<?php
$num = 5;
$fact = 1;
 
for ($i = 1; $i <= $num; $i++) {
    $fact *= $i;
}
 
echo "Factorial of $num is: $fact";
?>

Output:

Factorial of 5 is: 120

Conclusion: We learned how to calculate the factorial of a number using loops in PHP.

Post Practical Questions

Which PHP function returns the largest number among multiple arguments?
- A) max()
What is the value of 5 factorial (5!)?
- C) 120
Which statement correctly initializes factorial in PHP before a loop?
- B) $fact = 1;
Which built-in PHP extension is used for large factorials?
- C) bcmath
What will happen if a factorial recursive function has no base condition?
- C) It will cause infinite recursion

Practical 05

Aim: (A) Write a PHP script to print the multiplication table of a number using a for loop.

Description:
This program takes a number and uses a for loop to display its multiplication table from 1 to 10.

Code:

<?php
$num = 5; // change number as needed
 
echo "Multiplication Table of $num:<br>";
for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) {
    echo "$num x $i = " . ($num * $i) . "<br>";
}
?>

Output:

Multiplication Table of 5:
5 x 1 = 5
5 x 2 = 10
5 x 3 = 15
5 x 4 = 20
5 x 5 = 25
5 x 6 = 30
5 x 7 = 35
5 x 8 = 40
5 x 9 = 45
5 x 10 = 50

Conclusion:
We learned how to use a for loop to generate a multiplication table in PHP.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP script to print the following pattern for a given number:

Description:
This program uses nested loops to print a pattern where each line prints an increasing sequence of numbers.

Code:

<?php
$n = 5; // number of lines
 
for ($i = 1; $i <= $n; $i++) {
    for ($j = 1; $j <= $i; $j++) {
        echo $j;
    }
    echo "<br>";
}
?>

Output:

Conclusion:
We learned how to use nested loops in PHP to generate number patterns.

Post Practical Questions

Which loop is used when the number of iterations is known in PHP?
- C) for
Which keyword is used to exit a loop prematurely in PHP?
- D) break
In nested loops for a triangle pattern, the outer loop controls:
- C) Number of rows
What will be the first line of output of the given pattern code?
- C) 1
What is the purpose of the inner loop in the pattern program?
- C) It prints numbers in each row

Practical 06

Aim: (A) Write a PHP script to demonstrate a user-defined function.

Description:
This program defines a custom function in PHP that takes parameters, processes them, and returns a result. User-defined functions help in code reusability and organization.

Code:

<?php
// User-defined function to add two numbers
function addNumbers($x, $y) {
    return $x + $y;
}
 
$a = 10;
$b = 20;
$sum = addNumbers($a, $b);
 
echo "The sum of $a and $b is: $sum";
?>

Output:

The sum of 10 and 20 is: 30

Conclusion:
We learned how to create and use a user-defined function in PHP for reusability and better code structure.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP script to demonstrate the use of switch case.

Description:
This program uses a switch statement to execute different blocks of code based on the value of a variable.

Code:

<?php
$day = 3; // 1 = Monday, 2 = Tuesday, etc.
 
switch ($day) {
    case 1:
        echo "Monday";
        break;
    case 2:
        echo "Tuesday";
        break;
    case 3:
        echo "Wednesday";
        break;
    case 4:
        echo "Thursday";
        break;
    case 5:
        echo "Friday";
        break;
    case 6:
        echo "Saturday";
        break;
    case 7:
        echo "Sunday";
        break;
    default:
        echo "Invalid day number!";
}
?>

Output:

Wednesday

Conclusion:
We learned how to use the switch statement in PHP to select and execute code blocks based on variable values.

Post Practical Questions

Which keyword is used to declare a user-defined function in PHP?
- B) function
What is the correct syntax to define a function in PHP?
- B) function myFunc() {}
How do you call a function named greetUser with one argument "John"?
- D) greetUser("John")
What does a return statement do in a PHP function?
- D) Sends back a value
What is the scope of a variable declared inside a PHP function?
- C) Local

Practical 07

Aim: (A) Write a PHP script to demonstrate string functions.

Description: This program demonstrates commonly used string functions in PHP such as strlen(), strrev(), strtoupper(), strtolower(), and substr().

Code:

<?php
$str = "Hello PHP";
 
echo "Original String: $str<br>";
echo "Length: " . strlen($str) . "<br>";
echo "Reverse: " . strrev($str) . "<br>";
echo "Uppercase: " . strtoupper($str) . "<br>";
echo "Lowercase: " . strtolower($str) . "<br>";
echo "Substring (0-5): " . substr($str, 0, 5) . "<br>";
?>

Output:

Original String: Hello PHP
Length: 9
Reverse: PHP olleH
Uppercase: HELLO PHP
Lowercase: hello php
Substring (0-5): Hello

Conclusion: We learned how to use different string functions in PHP to manipulate and analyze text.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP program to display the current date and time.

Description: This program uses PHP’s date() function to display the current date and time in different formats.

Code:

<?php
date_default_timezone_set("Asia/Kolkata"); // Set timezone
echo "Current Date: " . date("d-m-Y") . "<br>";
echo "Current Time: " . date("h:i:s A") . "<br>";
?>

Output:

Current Date: 08-08-2025
Current Time: 10:45:30 AM

Conclusion: We learned how to use the date() function in PHP to display the current date and time.

Post Practical Questions

Which function returns the length of a string?
- C) strlen()
Which function is used to convert a string to uppercase in PHP?
- B) strtoupper()
What does strrev("PHP") return?
- A) PHP
Which function replaces a word in a string?
- C) str_replace()
Which function is used to display the current date in PHP?
- B) date()
Which format returns the year in 4 digits in date() function?
- C) Y

Practical 08

Aim: (A) Write a PHP script to demonstrate math functions.

Description: This program demonstrates PHP’s built-in math functions such as abs(), sqrt(), pow(), round(), ceil(), and floor().

Code:

<?php
$num = -15.7;
 
echo "Absolute: " . abs($num) . "<br>";
echo "Square Root of 16: " . sqrt(16) . "<br>";
echo "2 power 5: " . pow(2, 5) . "<br>";
echo "Round: " . round($num) . "<br>";
echo "Ceil: " . ceil($num) . "<br>";
echo "Floor: " . floor($num) . "<br>";
?>

Output:

Absolute: 15.7
Square Root of 16: 4
2 power 5: 32
Round: -16
Ceil: -15
Floor: -16

Conclusion: We learned how to use PHP’s built-in mathematical functions for calculations.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP program to sort an array in ascending order.

Description: This program sorts an array in ascending order using PHP’s sort() function.

Code:

<?php
$numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1, 7];
 
sort($numbers); // Ascending order
 
echo "Sorted Array: ";
foreach ($numbers as $num) {
    echo $num . " ";
}
?>

Output:

Sorted Array: 1 2 5 7 9

Conclusion: We learned how to use the sort() function in PHP to arrange array elements in ascending order.

Post Practical Questions

What does abs(-5) return?
- C) 5
Which PHP function returns the square root of a number?
- B) sqrt()
What is the output of pow(3, 2)?
- A) 9
What does round(4.6) return?
- C) 5
Which function returns the lowest integer greater than or equal to the number?
- A) ceil()
Which function generates a random number in PHP?
- C) rand()
What does floor(5.9) return?
- B) 5

Practical 09

Aim: (A) Write a PHP program to demonstrate super global variables ($_GET, $_POST, $_SERVER).

Description: This program demonstrates how to use PHP super global variables:

$_GET to collect data from the URL.
$_POST to collect form data securely.
$_SERVER to get server and execution environment details.

Code:

<!-- save this file as superglobals.php -->
<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    $name = $_POST['name'];
    echo "Hello (POST): $name <br>";
}
 
if (isset($_GET['name'])) {
    echo "Hello (GET): " . $_GET['name'] . "<br>";
}
 
echo "Server Name: " . $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] . "<br>";
echo "Request Method: " . $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] . "<br>";
?>
<hr>
<form method="post">
    Enter Name (POST): <input type="text" name="name">
    <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
<hr>
<a href="superglobals.php?name=John">Click for GET Example</a>

Output:

Hello (POST): [Name entered in form]
Hello (GET): John
Server Name: localhost
Request Method: GET

Conclusion: We learned how to use $_GET, $_POST, and $_SERVER to collect and display data in PHP.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP script to upload a file and display the uploaded file information.

Description: This program uses the $_FILES super global to upload a file and then displays its name, type, and size.

Code:

<!-- save this file as upload.php -->
<?php
if (isset($_FILES['file'])) {
    $fileName = $_FILES['file']['name'];
    $fileType = $_FILES['file']['type'];
    $fileSize = $_FILES['file']['size'];
 
    // Move file to uploads folder
    move_uploaded_file($_FILES['file']['tmp_name'], "uploads/" . $fileName);
 
    echo "File Uploaded Successfully!<br>";
    echo "File Name: $fileName<br>";
    echo "File Type: $fileType<br>";
    echo "File Size: " . ($fileSize / 1024) . " KB<br>";
}
?>
<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    Select file: <input type="file" name="file">
    <input type="submit" value="Upload">
</form>

Output:

File Uploaded Successfully!
File Name: example.jpg
File Type: image/jpeg
File Size: 120 KB

Conclusion: We learned how to upload a file using $_FILES and display the file’s information in PHP.

Post Practical Questions

Which PHP superglobal variable is used to collect form data sent with the GET method?
- B) $_GET
Which PHP superglobal variable holds information about the current script and server environment?
- C) $_SERVER
Which attribute must be added to a <form> tag to enable file uploads?
- B) enctype="multipart/form-data"
What is the temporary location of an uploaded file accessible through PHP?
- B) $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"]
What will $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] return?
- A) The current script's filename

Practical 10

Aim: (A) Write a PHP script to process a form and display user input

Description: This program demonstrates how to collect data from an HTML form using the POST method and then process and display the user’s input using PHP.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Form Processing</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>User Input Form</h2>
    <form method="post" action="">
        Name: <input type="text" name="username"><br><br>
        Email: <input type="email" name="email"><br><br>
        <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit">
    </form>
 
    <?php
    if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
        $name = $_POST['username'];
        $email = $_POST['email'];
 
        echo "<h3>User Input:</h3>";
        echo "Name: " . htmlspecialchars($name) . "<br>";
        echo "Email: " . htmlspecialchars($email);
    }
    ?>
</body>
</html>

Output:

The browser will display a form asking for Name and Email.

After submission, it will show:

User Input:
Name: Nick
Email: nick@example.com

Conclusion: We successfully created a PHP script that processes a form using the POST method and displays the user’s input securely.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP script to set and get a cookie

Description: This program demonstrates how to set a cookie with PHP and then retrieve its value to display on the page.

Code:

<?php
// Setting a cookie (name, value, expire time)
setcookie("user", "Nick", time() + (86400 * 7), "/"); // expires in 7 days
?>
 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Cookie Example</title>
</head>
<body>
    <?php
    if(isset($_COOKIE["user"])) {
        echo "Cookie Value: " . $_COOKIE["user"];
    } else {
        echo "Cookie is not set yet. Refresh the page to see it.";
    }
    ?>
</body>
</html>

Output:

On the first load:

Cookie is not set yet. Refresh the page to see it.

After refresh (or next visit within 7 days):
```
Cookie Value: Nick
```

Conclusion: We successfully created a PHP script to set a cookie and retrieve its value for display.

Post Practical Questions

Which method is used to send form data securely?
- B) POST
Which function is used to prevent XSS in user inputs?
- A) htmlspecialchars()
What will $_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] return when a form is submitted via POST?
- B) POST
Which function retrieves a cookie in PHP?
- B) $_COOKIE
What happens if a cookie is not found?
- C) $_COOKIE returns null or not set

Practical 11

Aim: (A)Write a PHP script to start a session and store session data.

Description: This program demonstrates how to start a session in PHP and store session data using the $_SESSION superglobal.

Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Session Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Store Session Data</h2>
<?php
 
session_start();
 
$_SESSION['username'] = "Nick";
$_SESSION['age'] = 18;
 
echo "Username: " . $_SESSION['username'] . "<br>";
echo "Age: " . $_SESSION['age'] . "<br>";
?>
</body>
</html>

Output:

Username: Nick
Age: 18

Conclusion: Sessions in PHP allow storing data across multiple pages. session_start() initializes the session and $_SESSION stores user information.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP script to connect to a MySQL database.

Description: This program demonstrates how to connect PHP with a MySQL database using the mysqli_connect() function.

Code:

<?php
// Database credentials
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$database = "testdb"; // change to your database name
 
// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $database);
 
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
    die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
} else {
    echo "Connected to MySQL database successfully!";
}
?>

Output: Connected to MySQL database successfully!

Conclusion: mysqli_connect() is used in PHP to connect to a MySQL database. Always check the connection to ensure it is successful.

Post Practical Questions:

Which function is used to start a session in PHP?
- D) session_start()
Which superglobal is used to access session variables?
- B) $_SESSION
Which PHP function is used to connect to a MySQL database?
- C) mysqli_connect()
What will mysqli\_connect() return on success?
- B) A connection object
Which function is used to close the MySQL connection?
- C) mysqli_close()

Practical 12

Aim: (A) Write a PHP script to create a MySQL database

Description: This program demonstrates how to create a new MySQL database using PHP and the mysqli class with proper error handling.

Code:

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
 
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);
 
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
 
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE MyDatabase";
 
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
    echo "Database 'MyDatabase' created successfully";
} else {
    echo "Error creating database: " . $conn->error;
}
 
$conn->close();
?>

Output:

Database 'MyDatabase' created successfully

Conclusion: The PHP script successfully creates a MySQL database using the CREATE DATABASE statement and mysqli functions.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP login system using MySQL (username and password validation)

Description: This program demonstrates a login system in PHP where username and password are validated from a MySQL database.

Code:

Run these SQL commands in MySQL to create a table and insert sample data for login:

USE MyDatabase;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    password VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO users (username, password) VALUES ('Nick', '123456');

<?php
session_start();
 
$conn = new mysqli("localhost", "root", "", "MyDatabase");
if ($conn->connect_error) die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
 
if (isset($_POST['login'])) {
    $user = $_POST['username'];
    $pass = $_POST['password'];
 
    $res = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='$user' AND password='$pass'");
 
    if ($res->num_rows > 0) {
        echo "Login successful. Welcome, $user";
    } else {
        echo "Invalid username or password.";
    }
}
$conn->close();
?>
<form method="post">
    Username: <input type="text" name="username" required><br>
    Password: <input type="password" name="password" required><br>
    <input type="submit" name="login" value="Login">
</form>

Output:

Case 1 - Correct login:
Login successful. Welcome, Nick
 
Case 2 - Wrong login:
Invalid username or password.

Conclusion: The PHP login system validates the username and password from MySQL and allows or denies access accordingly.

Post Practical Questions:

What does the password_hash() function in PHP do?
- C) Hashes a password securely
Which superglobal is used to collect data from a submitted form using POST method?
- D) $_POST
What does session_start() do in a PHP login system?
- B) Starts/resumes a user session
Which of the following is used to prevent SQL Injection in PHP?
- B) mysqli_prepare()
What type of value does password_verify() return?
- C) Boolean

Practical 13

Aim: (A) Write a PHP script to insert data into a MySQL database

Description: This program demonstrates how to insert data into a new MySQL database table using PHP and the mysqli class.

Code:

-- Create new database
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS UserDB;
USE UserDB;
 
-- Create users table
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    password VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL
);

<?php
// Database connection
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "UserDB";
 
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
 
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
 
// SQL query to insert data
$sql = "INSERT INTO users (username, password, email) VALUES ('Nick', '123456', 'nick@example.com')";
 
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
    echo "New record inserted successfully";
} else {
    echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}
 
$conn->close();
?>

Output:

New record inserted successfully

Conclusion: The PHP script successfully inserts data into the new UserDB database using the INSERT statement.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP script to retrieve (display) data from a MySQL database

Description: This program demonstrates how to retrieve and display records from the users table in the UserDB database using PHP.

Code:

<?php
// Database connection
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "UserDB";
 
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
 
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
 
// SQL query to retrieve data
$sql = "SELECT * FROM users";
$result = $conn->query($sql);
 
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
    echo "<table border='1'>";
    echo "<tr><th>ID</th><th>Username</th><th>Password</th><th>Email</th></tr>";
    while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
        echo "<tr>
                <td>".$row['id']."</td>
                <td>".$row['username']."</td>
                <td>".$row['password']."</td>
                <td>".$row['email']."</td>
              </tr>";
    }
    echo "</table>";
} else {
    echo "No records found";
}
 
$conn->close();
?>

Output:

ID    Username    Password    Email
1     Nick        123456      nick@example.com

Conclusion: The PHP script successfully retrieves and displays data from the users table in the UserDB database.

Post Practical Questions:

Which function is used to connect PHP to MySQL?
- C) mysqli_connect()
What does mysqli_query() do?
- C) Executes an SQL query
Which SQL keyword is used to add new data into a table?
- A) INSERT
In INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('John', 'john@example.com'), what is
- C) Table
Which function is used to close the database connection in PHP?
- C) mysqli_close()

Practical 14

Aim: (A) Write a PHP script to update data in a MySQL database.

Description: This program demonstrates how to update existing records in the users table of the UserDB database using PHP and the mysqli class.

Code:

<?php
// Database connection
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "UserDB";
 
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
 
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
 
// SQL query to update data
$sql = "UPDATE users SET email='nick_new@example.com', password='654321' WHERE username='Nick'";
 
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
    echo "Record updated successfully";
} else {
    echo "Error updating record: " . $conn->error;
}
 
$conn->close();
?>

Output:

Record updated successfully

Conclusion: The PHP script successfully updates existing records in the users table of the UserDB database using the UPDATE statement.

Aim: (B) Write a PHP script to delete data from a MySQL database

Description: This program demonstrates how to delete records from the users table in the UserDB database using PHP and the mysqli class.

Code:

<?php
// Database connection
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "UserDB";
 
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
 
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
 
// SQL query to delete data
$sql = "DELETE FROM users WHERE username='Nick'";
 
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
    echo "Record deleted successfully";
} else {
    echo "Error deleting record: " . $conn->error;
}
 
$conn->close();
?>

Output:

Record deleted successfully

Conclusion: The PHP script successfully deletes records from the users table in the UserDB database using the DELETE statement.

Post Practical Questions:

Which SQL command is used to modify existing records in a MySQL table?
- B) UPDATE
Which PHP function is used to execute a MySQL query?
- C) mysqli_query()
What does the following PHP code do? $sql = "DELETE FROM users WHERE id=5";
- B) Deletes the record where ID is 5
What is the correct syntax for updating a user's name in PHP with MySQL?
- A) UPDATE users SET name='John' WHERE id=1
In SQL, the WHERE clause is used for what purpose?
- B) To specify which rows to operate on

PHP Lab Manual

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Practical 01

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Practical 02

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Practical 03

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Practical 04

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Practical 05

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Practical 06

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Practical 07

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Practical 08

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Practical 09

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Practical 10

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Practical 11

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Practical 12

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Practical 13

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Practical 14

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